Garland Chrysanthemum

ORIGIN AND HISTORY

Chrysanthemum coronarium originates from the Mediterranean, where it has been cultivated for centuries as both an ornamental and edible plant. Over time, it spread to East Asia, where it became a staple in traditional cooking and medicine. Known as "Shungiku" in Japanese and "Tong Hao" in Chinese, its leaves are prized for their unique flavor and health benefits. Today, it is cultivated worldwide for its dual-purpose utility and ease of growth.

DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS

Chrysanthemum coronarium is a fast-growing annual that typically reaches a height of 30-90 cm (12-36 inches). The plant has deeply lobed, aromatic green leaves and sturdy stems.

The flowers are its most striking feature, resembling daisies with bright yellow or white petals encircling a yellow center. They range from single to semi-double forms, creating a cheerful display in gardens. The plant blooms prolifically from late spring to early autumn, attracting pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

CULTIVATION

Sowing: Sow seeds directly outdoors in early spring or late summer for a fall harvest. Scatter seeds thinly on the soil surface and cover lightly with 0.5 cm (1/4 inch) of soil. Thin seedlings to 15–20 cm (6–8 inches) apart once they are established. For continuous harvest, sow seeds every 2–3 weeks.

Soil: Prefers well-draining, fertile soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0). Enrich the soil with compost or organic matter for healthy growth.

Watering: Water consistently to keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy. Avoid letting the soil dry out completely, as this can cause leaves to become tough and bitter.

Care: Plant in full sun to partial shade. Regularly harvest the leaves and pinch back the tips to encourage bushy growth and prevent flowering. Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Harvesting: Begin harvesting young leaves and shoots when the plant is 10–15 cm (4–6 inches) tall, typically 20–30 days after sowing. For the best flavor, harvest leaves regularly before the plant flowers. Use fresh in salads, stir-fries, or soups.

Note: Garland Chrysanthemum grows quickly and bolts in hot weather, so it’s best suited for cooler seasons or shaded areas in warm climates. For a continuous harvest, succession planting is recommended.

GARDEN USES

Garland Chrysanthemum is a versatile addition to gardens, suitable for borders, flower beds, and container planting. Its bright blooms make it a favorite in cottage and wildlife gardens, while its upright growth habit complements mixed displays. The plant's attractive foliage also makes it a great filler for bouquets and floral arrangements.

As a companion plant, Chrysanthemum coronarium can help deter pests in vegetable gardens, benefiting crops like tomatoes, cucumbers, and squash.

ECOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL BENEFITS

Chrysanthemum coronarium supports biodiversity by attracting pollinators and beneficial insects to the garden. Its leaves and flowers contain antioxidants and essential nutrients, contributing to a healthy diet. Traditionally, it has been used in herbal medicine for its detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and digestive properties.